The impact of climate change on the agricultural landscape of Himachal

Climate change is significantly transforming the scenic hills of Himachal Pradesh, where apple orchards have long dominated the agricultural landscape. Farmers are diversifying their crops, moving away from traditional apple growing and embracing alternative fruits that are better suited to the changing environment.

Some alternative fruits that are becoming increasingly popular in local farmers’ fields include:

1. Khaki (Khurma): In the last decade, persimmon production has increased by over 100%. In 2013-14, 519 metric tons (MT) of persimmon were harvested from 403 hectares of cultivation area. In 2022-23, this had increased from 624 hectares to 1,201 MT. Kullu district is leading the way, contributing nearly 90% of the state’s persimmon production.
2. Jackfruit:Jackfruit production has also grown, from 448 tonnes in 2013-14 to 748 tonnes in 2022-23. The cultivation area has expanded to about 1,821 hectares during the same period.
3. Lychee: Litchi production has almost doubled in the last decade. In 2013-14, 3,275 tonnes of litchi were produced from nearly 4,972 hectares. In 2022-23, the total production reached 6,175 tonnes from nearly 6,501 hectares. Kangra district plays a major role in litchi production.
4. Cherry: Despite a dip in cherry production in 2015, it has been steadily increasing since then. In 2023, 981 MT of cherries were produced from 446 hectares, with Shimla district accounting for almost 90% of the total yield.

Farmers in Kullu, known for their progressive approach, have switched from apple cultivation to persimmons. Previously, the entire village focused on apples, but the changing climate necessitated a shift. These alternative fruits offer greater resilience to climate variability and soil conservation challenges.

As climate-induced weather changes continue to impact apple production, farmers in Himachal Pradesh are wisely diversifying their crops. The shift to alternative fruits provides economic stability, but also contributes to sustainable agriculture in the face of climate uncertainty. Adaptation is key, and these farmers are leading the way by embracing change and finding new paths to prosperity.